• Ebro Valley, the Cantabrian Mountains barrier to the north is wet and cold.
  • Comparison of teaching in the third deputy district:
  • Rioja Alta: higher altitude, Atlantic influence - structure and aging potential, wine town Haro (centennial winery group in the station area: López de Heredia, La Rioja Alta, Muga, general knowledge).
  • Rioja Alavesa: Limestone clay terraces, Basque side – delicate floral notes; village wine movement (Artadi et al out of DOCa fray, general knowledge).
  • Rioja Oriental (formerly known as Baja): The Mediterranean influence is stronger - the important town of Ganahi, high altitude has sprung up in recent years.
  • Style spectrum teaching: traditional school (long barrel aging, American barrels, ready to drink from the factory: López de Heredia) ↔ modern school (French barrels, dark concentrate) ↔ new generation terroir school (single village/single garden).
  • New institutional development (verified): Viñedos Singulares reaches 162 sites (approximately 265 hectares) after the addition of 14 sites by Ministerial Decree 2024-07 (Tecnovino).